The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act includes a section referred to as the Mortgage Reform and Anti-Predatory Lending Act in Title XIV. The appraisal activities provisions are located within Subtitle F, which includes the following highlights:

Sub prime mortgages will require written appraisal reports by state-licensed appraisers, including an interior inspection (no more drive-bys). Failure to obtain such an appraisal by a creditor will result in a $2,000 liability to the applicant or borrower.
Appraisers must be licensed in the state in which the property is located.
Strong appraiser independence language mirroring that of the Home Valuation Code of Conduct (HVCC), including a national complaint hotline.